Monday, August 31, 2020

network architect certification

 network architect certification:

  • Explain the goals and requirements with clients
  • Specifies the initial fee and construction period
  • Prepare a description of the structure
  • Leading the team to create paintings and books
  • Create sketches, or computer software or manually
  • Prepare a contract document for the construction workers
  • Manage housing contracts
  • Go to the construction site so that the structure fits for the construction plan
  • Find new jobs through marketing and promotion

People want shelter, work, sports, study, shopping and food. The design of these sites is the design of these sites. They work in private or public projects, designing interiors and exterior. Probably architects can do everything from house to house.

Principal staff communicates to clients the goals, requirements, and budget of the project. In some cases, architects offer a number of defined functions, such as capacity and environmental impact analysis, website, cost analysis, and requirements.

The building contractors will do the final legal work after questioning the customers and approving the original plan. The construction plan reflects the design and specification of the structure. These sources include a diagram of the design process; air conditioning, heating and air conditioning; electrical system; communication systems; and Mother Mark. Landscaping is done. In the development of the diagram, architects comply with state and local laws, local laws, fire safety regulations and other practices, such as those requiring the theft of the affected buildings.

Designers use graphic and computer-aided design (CADD), architectural (BIM) and architectural designs. However, a hand is required, especially during construction and when there is a architect on site.

As the work progresses, architects can go to the construction site to ensure that contractors follow the process, follow the plan, and put in place specifications. the body and adhere to the code of conduct. The work was not completed until all the construction was completed, and the costs and construction costs were paid.

Processing can help clients find home prices, select rental services and enter into home contracts.

Architects often work with related professionals such as civil engineers, community designers, painters, interior designers in this field.

Friday, August 28, 2020

it security architecture

it security architecture description:

The company staffer works on our knowledge base and oversees programs to ensure the implementation of the building process.

In this role, you will be the best, able to turn things around that require complexity in the operating industry. We also want you to have experience in software development and coping with complex applications.

The purpose is to ensure the operation of the internal information technology industry.

Responsibilities

  • Understand the need for companies to define system specifications
  • Plan and plan to build a technology system
  • Specify the process required for a software development team
  • Inspect and select the appropriate software or hardware and determine the integration path
  • Oversees selected applications (such as code verification) and provides team guidance
  • Help solve technical problems as they arise
  • Ensure that the implementation of building standards and equipment is approved
  • Alingme about projects, ideas and suggestions
  • It reviews systems to ensure they meet user needs as well as business objectives
Requirements:

  • Proven experience as a technician or project manager
  • Experience installing software and systems
  • Understanding answers to information technology
  • Experience in project management and implementation (SOA)
  • Language information (especially JavaScript, Java)
  • Knows many operating systems (such as Windows, UNIX) and databases (such as MySQL)
  • Experience with cloud technology (such as VMware)
  • Good communication skills
  • Solution search
  • Craft
  • BSc / BA in Applied Sciences, Engineering or Related Sciences

Thursday, August 27, 2020

cyber security architect role

cyber security architect (sometimes referred to only as "security providers") are responsible for designing, creating and storing storage systems, including computer and data systems, between information networks of the organization.

Cyber security architect roles and responsibilities include:

  • Full understanding of the technology and information information of this organization
  • Design, research and develop reliable, efficient and flexible storage for any IT service
  • Perform audit tests and equipment completed, including risk assessment and evaluation
  • Check for the latest security rules, new security systems and new user policies
  • Define, establish, implement and enforce all necessary safety rules and regulations and ensure that all employees follow them
  • The requirements develop requirements for all information devices, including driver, memory storage, LAN (LAN), LAN (WAN), virtual private network (VPN) and other related network devices.
  • Monitors and supports network power, VPN, router, servers and IDS authentication technology
  • Create a budget for the network system and diagnose problems with each integration
  • Development of a strong public (PKI), including digital signatories and certification authorities (CAs)
  • Review the agency's final security policies to ensure that they are working as intended
  • Provide guidance and attention to the security team
  • Load oversees all security plans and efforts to train non-IT staff
  • Promptly answer questions about issues (such as corrupted data, viruses, popular scams) and send a thorough analysis of the program after you make a decision.
  • Updates and improves the organization's security system as needed

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

security architect job description

security architect job description:

A security architect is responsible for designing security tools to prevent malware and hackers from attacking the organization's computer system. When these buildings are in place, the safety officer inspects any damage and inspects the entire system. To test the system more fully, it may be necessary to use an external controller so that I have a complete attack test to ensure that the system is protected externally.

The safety officer should have a thorough understanding of the system to determine who can enter and where possible exposure. After careful analysis, it is recommended to upgrade and improve the security system and software and hardware. They define, analyze and apply user standards in the process. Last but not least, blocking has been made to protect the computer system if an unauthorized user attempts to access it.

Security architects are required to:

  • Understand business technology and information
  • Security Council, overview and actions
  • Perform tests and analyzes
  • Safety and surveillance procedures
  • Develop LAN, server width and capabilities
  • Development of requirements for motorcycles, lamps and related network equipment
  • Plan for social barriers
  • Prepare customs duty
  • Find a link
  • Monitor and confirm the installation of the firewall, VPN, routers and servers
  • Review the final security system
  • Provide security to service providers
  • Implement and maintain safety practices and procedures
  • Check your security programs
  • Answer safety questions immediately
  • Look what happened
  • Update and update security systems

Tuesday, August 25, 2020

security architect jobs

security architect jobs Description:

Security architect is responsible for designing security tools to prevent malware and hackers from attacking the organization's computer system. When these buildings are in place, the safety officer inspects any damage and inspects the entire system. To test the system more fully, it may be necessary to use an external controller so that I have a complete attack test to ensure that the system is protected externally.

The safety officer should have a thorough understanding of the system to determine who can enter and where possible exposure. After careful analysis, it is recommended to upgrade and improve the security system and software and hardware. They define, analyze and apply user standards in the process. Last but not least, blocking has been made to protect the computer system if an unauthorized user attempts to access it.

Security architects are required to:

  • Understand business technology and information
  • Security Council, overview and actions
  • Perform tests and analyzes
  • Safety and surveillance procedures
  • Develop LAN, server width and capabilities
  • Development of requirements for motorcycles, lamps and related network equipment
  • Plan for social barriers
  • Prepare customs duty
  • Find a link
  • Monitor and confirm the installation of the firewall, VPN, routers and servers
  • Review the final security system
  • Provide security to service providers
  • Implement and maintain safety practices and procedures
  • Check your security programs
  • Answer safety questions immediately
  • Look what happened
  • Update and update security systems

Monday, August 24, 2020

architecture job description

architecture job description:

Responsible for the configuration of computer networks, including local area networks (LANs), broadband networks (WANs), Internet, internet and other data communication systems. Create, test and analyze networks.

Responsibilities:

  • Analyze business needs to improve Internet technology pathways and their systems.
  • Design, test and evaluate data communication system.
  • Perform web design, analysis and design.
  • Install hardware such as cables, taps, routers, and air conditioners.
  • Development of technology.
  • Configure the webmasters software.
  • Review, design and implement software operations.
  • Develop a case plan, action plan, and strategic plan for different tasks.
  • Technology Consultants.
  • See how technology infrastructure affects and leads competitors.
  • Find a way to produce.
  • Enter the required function / description.
  • Review the vendor's development / testing process.
  • Perform diagnostic tests to identify and diagnose network problems.
  • Update software online and software as required.
  • Use complex changes to solve complex problems.

Friday, August 21, 2020

av design engineers responsibilities

Av design engineers are responsible for the development, implementation, and installation of audiovisual systems. Some of these systems are as small as music, while others are as large as music and each requires timely installation and precision engineering. They take care of all the project management of the project, including a broad layout and different audio / visual specifications.

Remembering time and accuracy is very important in these situations, so time management is a great benefit. Service engineers oversee the research and distribution of new software, as well as the development of technology to improve various aspects of the project. They work with other people, so to speak, it is more difficult to talk.

I thought it was beautiful! That description also gave me (and I hope you do!) More insight into the design aspects of this company. This site continues to use the list of audio and video media services, incl.

Manage the work of the model, from system design to implementation.

• Set up, configure and provide visual services as per contract.

• Provide guidance on accident and problem management.

• Test and resolve difficult media issues to ensure they are operational before they are completed.

• Create a schedule and schedule to ensure that they are realistic and appropriate.

Thursday, August 20, 2020

networking job descriptions

 computer networking job descriptions:

The role of computer network operators, also known as network auditors or administrators, vary depending on the size and function of this organization. Key actions include maintaining the trust and security of the company’s network and connectivity systems. A computer network specialist should have extensive knowledge of network connectivity, protocols, network storage software, network types, including wireless, optical or Cat5, as well as other operating systems such as Windows. and UNIX.

With the necessary power, computer network professionals can be responsible for answering calls and emails from network operators to solve problems. They may be able to identify what is in the eye and face and give repair advice. As a professional or senior administrator, computer network professionals often search the internet for short, concise, or concise statements. They can configure and configure storage devices to ensure the safety of computer software, systems and data.

According to the BLS, computer companies are expected to increase employment by an average of 5% for the years 2018-2028, while network operators expect 5% growth. Time. In 2018, the BLS stated that the average salary of network operators was $ 82,050 and the average salary of computer users was $ 109,020.

Online specialists work with computer systems to monitor and analyze networks, communicate with suppliers and assist users. Employers generally require applicants to apply for undergraduate studies in computer science, and certification is useful. The increase in employment in computer-related jobs is expected to be modest between 2018 and 2028.

Wednesday, August 19, 2020

network plus jobs

CompTIA Network + (Network Plus) certification is a perfect application for IT beginners looking for the process of setting up, managing, and configuring different networks. CompTIA Certification + Certification is a product that identifies customers and understands the capabilities of cards to troubleshoot network history, identify different types, and troubleshoot network, hardware, and functionality issues.

This is not necessary, but it is recommended that you have some knowledge of the Windows operating system and the Windows network before preparing for the exam. At least nine months of network service or network support is also an added benefit. Over the past decade, the demand for online support / management professionals has increased, and this demand is expected to increase in the coming years. In the marketplace it can be taken, Network + certification helps you stand out from the rest or a very important level in the growth process.

CompTIA + certification is not only an important IT certification, but also a globally recognized certification of knowledge and skills of IT professionals.

Leading international companies, such as HP, Dell, Sharp, Ricoh, and Xerox, require or recommend CompTIA Network + Engineering Certified. Networking is also a technical area recognized by the United States Department of Defense.

CompTIA network plus jobs salary will be $ 74,000.The salaries of certified professionals vary according to work experience, experience and team members. An online pro with less than a year's experience has a median salary of $ 45,200. Salaryv ụrụ increases with increasing experience and changes significantly in the median of those with at least ten years of experience.

Tuesday, August 18, 2020

network+ salary

CompTIA Network + (Network Plus) certification is a perfect application for IT beginners looking for the process of setting up, managing, and configuring different networks. CompTIA Certification + Certification is a product that identifies customers and understands the capabilities of cards to troubleshoot network history, identify different types, and troubleshoot network, hardware, and functionality issues.

This is not necessary, but it is recommended that you have some knowledge of the Windows operating system and the Windows network before preparing for the exam. At least nine months of network service or network support is also an added benefit. Over the past decade, the demand for online support / management professionals has increased, and this demand is expected to increase in the coming years. In the marketplace it can be taken, Network + certification helps you stand out from the rest or a very important level in the growth process.

CompTIA + certification is not only an important IT certification, but also a globally recognized certification of knowledge and skills of IT professionals.

Leading international companies, such as HP, Dell, Sharp, Ricoh, and Xerox, require or recommend CompTIA Network + Engineering Certified. Networking is also a technical area recognized by the United States Department of Defense.

CompTIA Network+ salary will be $ 74,000.The salaries of certified professionals vary according to work experience, experience and team members. An online pro with less than a year's experience has a median salary of $ 45,200. Salaryv ụrụ increases with increasing experience and changes significantly in the median of those with at least ten years of experience.

Monday, August 17, 2020

network+ comptia

The CompTIA + certification is an IT analysis that indicates that you have the knowledge and skills needed to develop IT projects and infrastructure.

Unlike other certification bodies, Network+ CompTIA prepares you to support your network, regardless of platform. Determine the necessary settings before thinking of the seller. Network CompTIA + is the company's only certification for wireless and wireless networking.

CompTIA + Network provides the knowledge and resources you need to deploy, configure, and manage wireless and wireless networks worldwide. The CompTIA + network represents the emergence of a professional level of new technology, including cloud and cloud statistics.

Recommended for CompTIA Network + professional users, CompTIA Network + has a position for certification and nine months of online experience in promoting their online services. Network CompTIA + prepares candidates for the following positions:

  • Network administrator
  • Network field technician
  • Junior network administrator
  • IT consultant
  • Network field engineer
  • Computer technician
  • Help desk technician
  • System engineer
  • Network support specialist
  • Network analyst
  • Friday, August 14, 2020

    network+

    The CompTIA + certification is an IT analysis that indicates that you have the knowledge and skills needed to develop IT projects and infrastructure.

    Unlike other certification bodies, CompTIA Network + prepares you to support your network, regardless of platform. Determine the necessary settings before thinking of the seller. Network CompTIA + is the company's only certification for wireless and wireless networking.

    CompTIA + Network provides the knowledge and resources you need to deploy, configure, and manage wireless and wireless networks worldwide. The CompTIA + network represents the emergence of a professional level of new technology, including cloud and cloud statistics.

    Recommended for CompTIA Network + professional users, CompTIA Network + has a position for certification and nine months of online experience in promoting their online services. Network CompTIA + prepares candidates for the following positions:

  • Network administrator
  • Network field technician
  • Junior network administrator
  • IT consultant
  • Network field engineer
  • Computer technician
  • Help desk technician
  • System engineer
  • Network support specialist
  • Network analyst
  • Thursday, August 13, 2020

    software engineering definition

    software engineering definition:

    Software engineering is the process of software development,maintenance. Software development has been used to solve the problem of small software projects. Problems arise with software for timeless, budgetary and inefficient systems. Ensure that the program is stable, right, timely, within the budget as well as the rest of the customers. Completed finesse for software development has also been developed to find significant changes in the application needs as well as the application environment.


    Description: Software products are called for inability to be used in research by a user. For periods from the date of entry into force: -

    1) Performance: - It is widely used in applications such as budgeting, power management, performance, regulation, cable, reliability, security and safety.

    2) Translation: - Translation text for the program one time you want and the next. These applications bring strength, reusability and flexibility in this area.

    3) Repair: - determines new software development working in writing environment. Modular Ulysses, tested and tested for repair, modification and modification are the most important methods for repair.

    The lifecycle of software development, or SDLC, is the process by which software programs are recommended for software development, including:

    1) Communication
    2) Requirement Gathering
    3) Feasibility Study
    4) System Analysis
    5) Software Design
    6) Coding
    7) Testing
    8) Integration
    9) Implementation
    10) Operations and maintenance
    11) Disposition

    Wednesday, August 12, 2020

    software engineer vs computer science

    software engineer vs computer science:

    software engineering:

    The knowledge required for software development is more than just work. In the case of engineering, it is emphasized that knowledge of hardware and software development is emphasized. You need to understand the details of things like tactics. The course focuses more on software management, analysis, and assurance to solve problems.

    Software engineers should learn to use programming languages ​​like Java, JavaScript, SQL, C ++, and Python. JavaScript is essential for high-performance interactive websites. Engineers use SQL to manage data. Python and C ++ are quite common and can be used on any operating system. These languages ​​are useful tools in software engineering applications.

    The problem on both sides is very important. If you are developing a program or developing them, you will be able to identify problems and develop problem-solving strategies. There are many problem-solvers for both of them, so paying attention to detail requires attention.

    computer science:

    The area required for computer scientists is more complicated. Computer courses are clear in sports such as language, physics, and programming. Since many theories are based on theories, computer science can be applied to a diverse field of work.

    Although computer science focuses on the entire justice system, two aspects of computer science are useful in the justice system. Good computer scientists use science fiction to solve real data problems, usually in data analysis or machine learning. Google may do research to provide useful data science results.

    Scientific news has educational material; according to the traditional view of science. This distinction seeks to deepen the understanding of computer systems as well as enhance computer technology. These scientists are working on facial technologies such as artificial intelligence.

    Tuesday, August 11, 2020

    software developer vs software engineer

     software developer vs software engineer:


    The difference in design and software starts with the work environment. Software engineers may be involved in software development, but there are only a few software development engineers.

    To explain, engineering means applying the principles of engineering to software. Zoologists are involved in software development by connecting their clients' needs with the necessary tools. This is how they created a system to perform certain tasks. Finally, software development means that software is developed with software.

    However, software developers can be part of the program. Software developers are responsible for all development processes. Their team and their business and strategy. Computer users created the code required for the software to work properly. Computer scientists try and solve problems for developers. Software developers provide guidance and performance at every stage of the software development process.

    Software development is expected to have technical experience, personal achievements, and experience in using sophisticated devices and in any job. They must be proficient in designing, testing, and automating systems. Software engineers need to know how to design and improve information technology solutions, big data, and cloud systems. They also need to know how to create a data channel in an attractive language. They should be able to work well in their own and separate groups.

    Software developers need to have good analytical skills as they need to take into account all the software needs and resources. They need to be fluent in the computer to work well with a computer program. To do this, they need to respond decisively to communication skills. Keep in mind that minor mistakes or communication can cause serious financial problems in the workplace. Detailed information enables you to handle simultaneous tasks at different stages of development.

    Monday, August 10, 2020

    wifi connections

    WiFi connections are the world's most widely used wireless communication technology. WiFi provides high-speed wireless internet connection.

    The term WiFi is a term of "wireless communication" and refers to wireless communication technology. The WiFi team says it is capable of using 802.11x open-ended devices as icons.

    WiFi is freedom - freedom of wires. This will help you to connect to the internet from anywhere - the lobby, the hotel or the operating room. Also, it is almost ten times faster than a mobile phone connection app. WiFi network networks operate on unlicensed 2.4 radio as well as data rates of 11 Mbps (802.11b) or 54 Mbps (802.11a).

    WiFi requires wireless devices (laptops or PDAs). These devices can send and receive data wirelessly anywhere without wireless.

    Currently, the cable is focused on a wider area, namely WiMax. WiMax, short for Global Access and Microwave Access, is defined in IEEE 802.16 standards. It is designed to enable broadband broadcasting (BWA) and is defined in the WiMax Forum.

    WiMAX is similar to WiFi, but in large quantities and applications. The wireless network of WiMAX devices will communicate with a large area, such as a high-end phone.

    WiFi works on the same principal as other wireless devices - it uses radio waves to transmit signals between devices. The radio waves are completely different from walky talkies, radios, cell phones and radio stations. For example, your stereo car gets frequencies on the Kilohertz and Megahertz stage (AM and FM stations), and WiFi transmits and receives data on the Gigahertz stage.

    To break it down even further, Hertz (Hz) is simply frequency. Let's say you'm standing on a dock watching the waves come in. As you look down on the waves, you can see the crust of each wave rolling by. If you counted the number of seconds between each wave, the frequency of the waves. So if the time between each comb was 1 second which meant that the wave frequency was 1 hertz or one cycle per second.

    Friday, August 7, 2020

    how wifi works

     how wifi works:

    If you have Internet access indoors, you probably have a small box called a router that you can connect to your phone's port. This type of router looks like a high-end modem: a straightforward computer with Internet-enabled services. At home, you can connect multiple computers to the Internet at the same time (so you need several different modems). In other words, the router works in two ways: it creates a wireless network that connects all computers and provides a common gateway to the internet for all your computers.

    You can use a network cable to connect one way to all different computers (called RJ-45, Cat 5 or Ethernet cables for those with the technology). This developed something called a LAN (LAN) that connects the machine. The Internet is something systematic, like organized committee meetings, which have a very good code of ethics, not a bad part of a secret party. The online hosts will be properly connected and communicate effectively. Network and telecommunications laws are governed by a national standard called Ethernet (also known as IEEE 802.3).

    A wireless router is a router that uses waves instead of cables to connect to your computer (or computer). It has a cheap low neck radio speaker that is about 90 feet or 300 feet, depending on the wall thickness and other power sources nearby. The Internet can send and receive data from the Internet to any home computer with a wireless network (so every computer on the wireless network must have a radio receiver). Most new laptops use wireless cards. For older laptops, you can insert the adapter card into the PCMCIA or USB cable. In an internet path, the path becomes the gateway to the internet and creates a "cloud" of invisible top connections around it, called a swimming pool. You can connect any computer in the cloud to a network that forms a wireless LAN.

    Thursday, August 6, 2020

    what is a wireless lan


    WLAN,  is a network that allows devices to connect and communicate over the air. Unlike traditional LAN LAN, where the device communicates with Ethernet cable, the WLAN device communicates over Wi-Fi.

    Although WLAN may be different from traditional LAN, it works in the same way. New devices are added and configured using DHCP. They can communicate with other devices online in the same way as on a network. The main difference is how to send the data. In local area networks, data is transmitted from the physical cable in an Ethernet packet system. With wireless LAN, data in IEEE 802.11 is used to transmit data over the air.

    The popularity of wireless devices and WLAN devices is increasing. In fact, most of the ones sold are cordless bones. The wireless device also uses a port to provide wireless connection to the Wi-Fi device within the cable showing the router. These include laptops, tablets, smart and other wireless devices such as smart devices and smart devices at home. Wireless transmitters are usually connected to a USB cable or other Internet-connected device to allow access to the connected devices.

    Advantages:

    The main advantage of WLAN is that you can connect your device with a wireless cable and eliminate the need for cable. This allows homes and businesses to create LANs without connecting the building to Ethernet. This allows you to connect small devices such as smartphones and tablets to the internet. Wireless LANs are not limited to ports on your way, so they can support many or even hundreds of devices. You can extend the number of wireless LANs by adding one or more. Finally, it is easy to upgrade your WLAN by switching drivers for newer versions - this is a simpler and cheaper method than upgrading your old Ethernet cables.

    Wednesday, August 5, 2020

    what is a wireless network?


    A wireless network (WLAN) performs the same function as a wireless network - to connect to a computer. Since "wireless" does not require an expensive cable, the advantage is that it is usually easier, faster and cheaper to install.

    On the other hand, it is difficult to create a network by using wires on walls and ceilings and therefore expensive. But even if you already have a wired network, wireless networks can be an expensive way to expand or expand. Of course, there is no such thing as an air network, since most people will use wires at the same time.

    Basics:

    Wind turbines use radio frequency (RF) technology, which is the frequency of electrical energy associated with the transmission of radio waves. When an antenna provides current RF, an electric field is created that can be propagated through space.

    The cornerstone of a wireless network is a device called an access point (AP). The main function of the access point is to send a wireless cable that the computer can detect and "configure." Because wireless networks are connected to a network, Internet sites can often be used as a reference for network resources, such as Internet connections.

    To connect to and from a network, a computer must have a wireless network card. They are built into your computer, but if not, almost any computer or laptop can support wireless technology with optional slots, optional plugs connected to the port USB, or PC Card slot for laptops.

    There are three types of wireless networks - WAN, LAN and PAN:

    Wide Wireless Area Network (WWAN): WWAN was developed using a telephone line that is usually provided and maintained by mobile service providers. WWANs can provide a way to connect, even if they are not otherwise contagious.

    Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): A wireless local area network is a wireless network that transmits radio. The background path is usually equipped with a cable as well as one or more valves that connect wireless providers to the network. The size of the WLAN can vary from room to room in a small yard.

    Wireless Personal Area  network (WPAN): WPAN is a short-range network that uses Bluetooth technology. It is commonly used to connect compatible devices near a central location, such as a work area. WPAN is approx. 30 fet.

    Tuesday, August 4, 2020

    help desk entry level

    The technology sponsor provides our customers with Level 1 support via phone, email and computer chat. Will will ask appropriate questions and use knowledge and resources to identify and solve problems. It will handle issues that exceed the Level One level.

    Are a good citizen if you have a degree in information technology and have at least 2 years of experience in the field of technical support services. Knowledge of MAC and iOS computers, as well as the ability to navigate over time, are important. You need to be professional and professional to write an accurate record of the customer as well as ticket tickets encountered on time.

    Responsibilities for technician desk:


    • Use a ticket for help
    • Answer customer questions via phone, email and email chat
    • Help customers
    • Describe the customer relationship
    • Perform analysis to solve reported customer problems
    • To resolve the issue, move on to the next step
    • Install, modify, and repair computer hardware and software
    • Work with clients to solve problems

    A professional with less than one year of experience will receive a total of $ 152,605 in benefits (including advice, money, and working hours) based on 9 months' salary. £ 229,507 based on salary 45. Between a job with 5-9 years of experience, he receives a total of £ 482,501 in benefits based on a 13-month salary.

    osp design engineer job description

    osp design engineer job description: An external engineering engineer (OSP) plays an important role in the communications industry. The main...